Application and specifications of bulletproof ceramics

• The ceramic armor system is a combination of single or multiple ceramic blocks and polymer materials (UHMWPE or aramid), which can resist different bullet attacks based on different thicknesses of ceramic plates .

  
  

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  Bulletproof mechanism

  The reason why ceramics are bulletproof is because of their high specific stiffness, high specific strength, and chemical inertness in many environments. It is better than metal in that metal materials undergo plastic deformation and absorb energy when resisting bullet impact, while bulletproof ceramics hardly undergo plastic deformation. The bullet will be passivated or even broken due to its high strength and hardness characteristics.

  
  

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  The bulletproof layer made of bulletproof ceramic and high-strength high modulus fiber composite plate is used. When the high-speed projectile collides with the ceramic layer, the ceramic layer breaks or produces cracks, which diffuse around the impact point and consume most of the energy of the projectile. Subsequently, the high modulus fiber composite plate further consumes the remaining energy of the projectile. Therefore, the application of advanced ceramics in armor systems is very attractive and has become a widely used protective armor for equipment such as bulletproof vests, vehicles, and aircraft.

  
  

  Under the impact of a bullet (with a speed greater than 700-800m/s), the front of the ceramic is broken and the remaining energy is absorbed by the soft reinforced material on the back (such as a nylon cloth layer). The reverse material must be able to support the fragments of ceramic material and the bullet itself after impact.
  

  
  

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  Bulletproof ceramics require many properties, such as density and porosity, hardness, fracture toughness, Young's modulus, sound velocity, mechanical strength, etc. None of these properties can have a direct and decisive relationship with the overall bulletproof performance. Therefore, the fracture mechanism is very complex, and crack formation is caused by many factors, and the occurrence time is very short. The porosity of bulletproof ceramics should be as low as possible to improve hardness and Young's modulus. For Al2O3 ceramics, the porosity should be close to zero, and the water absorption should not exceed 0.02%. The hardness requirement of ceramics is very high, which should be higher than that of flight warheads. For Al2O3 ceramics, the hardness Hv should exceed 1220 to 1250.
  

  
  

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  Choweyarmor also has many different specifications of bulletproof ceramic sheets and supports customized sizes:
  

  
  

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• Single-curved lightweight Sintered silicon carbide (SIC) ceramic plate for bulletproof plate
  Material Sintered silicon carbide (SIC)
  Reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramics
  Silicon carbide content:92%
  Pressureless sintered silicon carbide ceramics
  Silicon carbide content:97.79%
  Density:3.12±0.03g/cm³
  Vickers hardness:2800MPa
  Three-point bending strength:413MPa
  

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• Hexagon Sintered silicon carbide (SIC) ceramic plate BP2761 for bulletproof plate
  Material Sintered silicon carbide (SIC)
  Reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramics
  Silicon carbide content:92%
  Density:3.07±0.02g/cm³
  Vickers hardness:2500MPa
  Three-point bending strength:352MPa
  Pressureless sintered silicon carbide ceramics
  Silicon carbide content:97.79%
  

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• Square Sintered silicon carbide (SIC) ceramic plate BP5008 for bulletproof plate
  Material:Sintered silicon carbide (SIC)
  Three-point bending strength:352MPa
  Pressureless sintered silicon carbide ceramics
  Silicon carbide content:97.79%
  

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• Bulletproof plat Single-curved Sintered silicon carbide (SIC) ceramic plate BP25091 for body armour
  Reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramics
  Silicon carbide content:92%
  Density:3.07±0.02g/cm³
  Vickers hardness:2500MPa
  

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  1. Crush the warhead. The bulletproof film has extremely high hardness. When a bullet hits the bulletproof film at high speed, the warhead will be shattered, consuming most of the kinetic energy. Subsequently, the highly concentrated energy will be dispersed by the warhead fragments, which is equivalent to increasing the target area and greatly improving the bulletproof performance.

  
  

  2. Damage and deformation of bulletproof plates absorb energy. The high-speed impact of the projectile on the bulletproof plate causes the destruction of the silicon carbide structure and forms an inverted cone that acts on the substrate material, causing the substrate to deform and absorb residual energy.

  
  

  3. Erosion. During the impact process, the shattered warhead rubs against the shattered ceramic bulletproof fragments, converting kinetic energy into thermal energy. At the same time, a portion of the mass is lost by grinding the ceramic fragments, thus playing a bulletproof role.

  
  

  4. Change the incidence angle of the warhead. The use of specially designed bulletproof plates with special surfaces can prevent bullets from vertically incident, thereby changing the direction of the bullet's incidence and decomposing momentum (kinetic energy), thereby reducing the impact on the bulletproof plates, equivalent to improving the bulletproof ability of the target plate.